Stock investing for beginners pdf to excel
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Formulas and Functions: You can think of a formula as a calculation or equation. With Excel, you can create formulas or use built-in ones. These formulas can automatically calculate numbers for you like addition or multiplication. In addition to calculations, you can use functions for things like counting the number of items in a column or displaying a minimum or maximum number for a group of cells. The Excel Tabs and Ribbon You should take a little time to familiarize yourself with the ribbon in Excel.
Just like with other Microsoft Office applications, the ribbon holds the buttons that you will use inside tabs. You can customize the ribbon to remove or add both tabs and buttons. But you will likely see the tabs below by default. Here is a brief explanation of what each one is for and which button sections you can see.
Also, note the Tell me what you want to do box. If you need help or want more information on a feature, just enter the keyword into the box and view your results. But if not, this is the toolbar at the very top left of the Excel window. And it is important because it allows you to quickly undo or redo an action, plus save your file.
If you make a mistake and want to undo it, just click the Undo button. If you click it once, it will undo the last action you took. If you keep clicking it, it will undo actions you took one-by-one moving backward. Alternatively, you can click the arrow next to the Undo button and highlight all actions you want to undo. If you undo an action with the button, the Redo button will then be clickable. This lets you redo what you have just undone. Like the Undo button, you can redo your last action with one click or use the arrow next to the Redo button to redo multiple actions.
The Save button lets you quickly save the file you are working on with the current file name. Spreadsheet Options Managing a large number of spreadsheets is no problem for Excel. So, you can use more than one if your project calls for it. For example, you can use different spreadsheets for months or years, product warehouse locations, loan or credit card companies, and healthcare facilities.
Along with multiple sheets, you can take advantage of these basic spreadsheet features. By default, you will see them named Sheet 1, Sheet 2, and so on. You can then move the sheet to another spot in the workbook, move it to a different workbook, and make a copy of it for either case. You will need to confirm this action in the subsequent pop-up window. Working With Columns, Rows, and Cells in Excel There are some basics such as selecting, inserting, deleting the columns, rows, and cells in Excel.
These are handy actions to keep in mind as you work with your spreadsheets. Select an Entire Column or Row You will notice as you move your mouse over the letters for the columns or numbers for the rows that a small arrow will appear. If you click at that time, the entire column or row will be selected. You might use this action for applying a function, formatting, or sorting.
Select a Group of Columns, Rows, or Cells There may be times when you want to select more than one column, row, or cell. You can do this in a couple of different ways depending on if they are adjacent or scattered. Select Adjacent Columns, Rows, or Cells When you want to select columns, rows, or cells that are next to each other, begin by selecting the first one.
Then, hold down your mouse button and drag through the rest. You will see them highlight as they are selected. Release the mouse button when you finish. Another way to do this is to select the first one, hold down your Shift key, and then select the last one. If you do this with cells, you can select an entire group across and down. Select Scattered Columns, Rows, or Cells If you would like to select columns, rows, or cells that are not adjacent, start by clicking the first one.
Then, hold down the Ctrl key and continue clicking the ones you want. Release the Ctrl key when you finish. Insert or Delete a Column, Row, or Cell You can easily add or get rid of a column or row that you no longer need. Again, put your mouse over the letter or number, but instead of left-clicking your mouse, right-click. In the context menu that appears, select either Insert or Delete. You can also simply hide and unhide columns or rows by selecting Hide or Unhide from the context menu.
You can insert or delete a cell the same way as a column or row. However, with either option, you will receive a pop-up alert asking how you would like to shift the cells, row, or column. Just choose an option and click OK. Move a Column, Row, or Cell If you decide to move a column, row, or cell to a different spot in your spreadsheet, you can do it but must be careful.
First, select the column, row, or cell as described above. Put your mouse over one of the edges of it so that the four-sided arrow appears. Then, drag it by holding down your mouse button to its new location and release. What you must be cautious of is if you release the column, row, or cell over the top of one that already contains data. If this happens, a pop-up box will appear asking if you are sure you want to replace the data.
So, if you do this in error, click Cancel and it will go back to its original spot. Adjusting the Size of a Column or Row You may want all or some of the columns or rows on your spreadsheet to be a specific size regardless of the data they hold. Adjusting the width or height is simple and can be done in two different ways.
First, you select and right-click the column or row. In the context menu choose either Column Width or Row Height, depending on which one you want to change. In the pop-up window that appears, you will see the current width or height. Replace it with the number you want and click OK. Another way to adjust the size of a column or row is to first select it. Move your mouse to the border until you see a two-sided arrow appear.
Then, hold down your mouse button and drag until you reach the size you want. Adjusting the Size to Fit Your Data If you would rather have each column and row sized to accommodate your data, you can do this in a just a few clicks. First, select the entire spreadsheet by clicking the triangle in the upper left corner between the A and the 1. Then, move your mouse between two columns until you see the two-sided arrow and double- click.
Next, do the same for the rows. You will notice both columns and rows of the spreadsheet adjust to fit the data in your cells. It will automatically adjust for the cell with the longest amount of data. Basic Formatting Excel offers a variety of ways to format your spreadsheets, from basic to advanced.
Fonts, Shading, and Colors No matter what you decide to use Excel for, basic formatting of columns, rows, and cells can help you view your data easily. For instance, you may use the first row of a spreadsheet to insert headers. Like in our example for a product sheet, you might use item number, product name, and price. To make that top row stand out better from a large amount of data beneath, you can format it easily.
Select the row and then apply your formatting using options on the Hometab. Here, you may make the font bold, apply a fill shade, and color the font. Select the top row. Click the Bold 3. Click the arrow next to the Fill Color and pick a color. For example, an increase in oil prices might cause airline stocks to go down because oil is one of the biggest inputs for airlines.
Technical patterns: Most commonly, traders trade using technical patterns and analysis, discussed below. Under this methodology, they look for patterns or trends in share prices and forecast future prices based on this information.
Thus, technical patterns are also why stocks are bought and sold on a particular day, affecting the demand and supply curves. Exchange rates and interest rates: This is another major factor that affects the prices of shares across the market. If the government raises interest rates for savings in a particular country, then saving money in a bank becomes an attractive option to customers, as this is a zero-risk situation that gives them good returns.
Hence, they might sell off their shares and decide to save their money in a bank instead. This sudden increase in sellers would shift the supply curve to the right, causing a fall in share prices. An increase in exchange rates for any particular currency would have similar effects to stock prices. But first, it is important to understand the difference between trading and investing.
This appreciation is usually due to the company consistently having profits, increasing its market share, and operating efficiently. However, trading is completely different. The time horizons involved with trading are usually a week or a day, and in some cases, traders only hold stocks for a few seconds. Trading aims at profiting through fluctuations in the share prices over a short period of time.
Trading the Stock Market with Technical Analysis Technical analysis is most commonly used for trading only. It involves studying price patterns and trends and using these to forecast future price movements so that action can be taken accordingly.
This is usually done in two main ways: Observing previous stock price patterns Trying to find and establish a known candlestick pattern There are several known patterns that traders look for in a particular stock to trade accordingly and try to profit. Depending on whether the technical analysis says a stock will go up or down, traders can take positions appropriately. Traders often use several technical indicators while studying chart patterns, such as Moving Averages, Bollinger Bands, and the Relative Strength Index.
Each of these indicates a different kind of price action, and traders usually try out indicators in different combinations until they can figure out which one works best for them. Trading the Stock Market with Fundamentals Fundamental analysis is most commonly used by investors and was popularized by Warren Buffet as a good way to consistently profit in the stock market over long periods of time.
It involves analyzing the company in great detail to understand the fundamental principles behind the business model that the company operates under. Once this process has been concluded and viable companies have been identified, investors then buy shares of these companies and hold them. When the company prospers, the share price increases accordingly, and the investor profits from being the part-owner in a successful, profitable company. Occasionally, even fundamental investors use technical analysis once they have identified companies they want to invest in.
This is done so that optimal points can be identified where the stock is at its lowest, thus maximizing profits for the investors. What is a Stock Dividend? A stock dividend is, put very simply, a share in the profits of a company. Therefore, you are entitled to a share in the profits of the company. Whenever a publicly traded company declares a profit, they retain part of it to finance their future operations and expansions. However, the rest of the profit is paid out to the shareholders in the form of dividends.
Some companies pay more dividends than others; hence their shares are more valuable since there is the possibility of a dual benefit: a dividend and an appreciation in the share price. Thus, owning shares in companies that pay high dividends is a good way to generate passive income as an investor.
What are Stock Market Indexes? Stock exchanges usually have thousands of stocks that you can choose from to trade and invest in. These stocks can be classified in various ways, such as based on their sector, the country they are headquartered in, and the total value of their stocks.
However, say you want to know how the entirety of a particular sector is doing. It is not feasible or easy for you to look at every company in that sector to understand the overall position of the sector. In such cases, stock market indexes can come in handy. An index is basically a collection of stocks that have something or the other in common.
The US Tech includes of the biggest technology stocks among US companies and indicates the position of the entire sector to investors. Indexes are an excellent way of keeping an eye on an entire sector or economy together. In addition to this, they can also be used as a tool for diversification if you want to invest across the board in an entire sector or economy without limiting yourself to one company. Index funds allow you to invest your money across the entire index in a fixed pre-determined ratio.
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If the demand for a particular stock is higher than its supply, implying that there are more buyers than sellers, the price will go up as people are willing to pay a higher amount of money to purchase the stock. This will cause an increase in the share price until the point where equilibrium is attained. Factors Affecting Supply and Demand The demand and supply for a particular stock can be affected by many factors, each of which can cause an upward or downward movement in the stock price.
Some of these factors, along with how they affect share prices, have been discussed below: Macroeconomic factors: The share market is affected by the condition of the general economy. If the economy is in a recession, companies will find themselves in a difficult position as raw materials get expensive and the demand for their products falls. In an economic boom, however, share prices generally increase because of the positive outlook for the company.
If people expect the company to profit, they will then buy shares since they want to be part-owners of a successful company. However, if the company is expected to have a bad quarter, people often sell off shares to invest their money in more profitable companies. Dividends also play a role here, and these will be discussed later in this article.
Industry Events: Major events that affect the entire industry are also reasons why the demand and supply curves for a share might shift. For example, an increase in oil prices might cause airline stocks to go down because oil is one of the biggest inputs for airlines. Technical patterns: Most commonly, traders trade using technical patterns and analysis, discussed below.
Under this methodology, they look for patterns or trends in share prices and forecast future prices based on this information. Thus, technical patterns are also why stocks are bought and sold on a particular day, affecting the demand and supply curves. Exchange rates and interest rates: This is another major factor that affects the prices of shares across the market.
If the government raises interest rates for savings in a particular country, then saving money in a bank becomes an attractive option to customers, as this is a zero-risk situation that gives them good returns. Hence, they might sell off their shares and decide to save their money in a bank instead. This sudden increase in sellers would shift the supply curve to the right, causing a fall in share prices.
An increase in exchange rates for any particular currency would have similar effects to stock prices. But first, it is important to understand the difference between trading and investing. This appreciation is usually due to the company consistently having profits, increasing its market share, and operating efficiently. However, trading is completely different. The time horizons involved with trading are usually a week or a day, and in some cases, traders only hold stocks for a few seconds.
Trading aims at profiting through fluctuations in the share prices over a short period of time. Trading the Stock Market with Technical Analysis Technical analysis is most commonly used for trading only. It involves studying price patterns and trends and using these to forecast future price movements so that action can be taken accordingly. This is usually done in two main ways: Observing previous stock price patterns Trying to find and establish a known candlestick pattern There are several known patterns that traders look for in a particular stock to trade accordingly and try to profit.
Depending on whether the technical analysis says a stock will go up or down, traders can take positions appropriately. Traders often use several technical indicators while studying chart patterns, such as Moving Averages, Bollinger Bands, and the Relative Strength Index. Each of these indicates a different kind of price action, and traders usually try out indicators in different combinations until they can figure out which one works best for them.
Trading the Stock Market with Fundamentals Fundamental analysis is most commonly used by investors and was popularized by Warren Buffet as a good way to consistently profit in the stock market over long periods of time. It involves analyzing the company in great detail to understand the fundamental principles behind the business model that the company operates under.
Once this process has been concluded and viable companies have been identified, investors then buy shares of these companies and hold them. When the company prospers, the share price increases accordingly, and the investor profits from being the part-owner in a successful, profitable company. Occasionally, even fundamental investors use technical analysis once they have identified companies they want to invest in. This is done so that optimal points can be identified where the stock is at its lowest, thus maximizing profits for the investors.
What is a Stock Dividend? A stock dividend is, put very simply, a share in the profits of a company. Therefore, you are entitled to a share in the profits of the company. Whenever a publicly traded company declares a profit, they retain part of it to finance their future operations and expansions. However, the rest of the profit is paid out to the shareholders in the form of dividends.
Some companies pay more dividends than others; hence their shares are more valuable since there is the possibility of a dual benefit: a dividend and an appreciation in the share price. Thus, owning shares in companies that pay high dividends is a good way to generate passive income as an investor. What are Stock Market Indexes? But actually, Excel can do much more than serve as a glorified financial statement.
It can automatically calculate metrics such as an asset's or a portfolio's standard deviation , percentage of return, and overall profit and loss. Let's look at how Excel can enhance one's investment activities.
Key Takeaways Excel spreadsheets can not only keep track of investments but also calculate performance and degree of volatility. Excel can calculate the difference of an asset's current price minus its entry price. Excel can calculate the percentage return on an asset and assess profit and loss. One particularly helpful Excel feature is its ability to calculate standard deviation, a complex formula that assesses risk. Tracking Investments With Excel An Excel spreadsheet can be used in a number of ways to keep track of an investor's holdings.
The first step is to decide what data you would like to include. The figure below shows an example of a simple spreadsheet that tracks one investment's data, including date, entry, size how many shares , closing prices for the dates specified, the difference between the closing price and the entry price, the percentage return, profit and loss for each periodic closing price, and the standard deviation.
A separate sheet in an Excel workbook can be used for each stock. Spreadsheet showing data from one trading instrument. However, you can insert a formula into a cell to do the work for you. To calculate the difference of an asset's current price minus its entry price, for instance, click in the cell where you would like the difference to appear. Follow this with a minus sign and then click in the cell that contains the entry price.
Then click enter and the difference will appear. If you click on the lower right corner of the cell until you see what looks like a dark plus sign without little arrows on it , you can drag the formula to the other appropriate cells to find the difference for each dataset. The percent return calculation is made by, once again, selecting the cell where you would like the value to appear, then typing the equal sign. Next, type an open parenthesis and click in the cell that has the current price, followed by a minus sign, the entry price, and a closing parenthesis.
Next, type a forward slash to represent division and then click in the entry price cell again. Press enter and the percent return will appear. You may need to highlight the column, right-click, and select Format Cells to select Percentage under the number tab to make these values appear as percentages.
When you have the formula in one cell, you can click and drag as above to copy the formula into the corresponding cells. To create the formula, click in the cell where you want the value to appear. Next, type the equals sign and then click in the cell that contains the difference see above. Press enter and you will see the profit and loss for that data. You may need to highlight the column, right-click, and select Format Cells, then select the currency to set the column to display as a dollar amount.
You can then select, click, and drag the formula to copy it into the other corresponding cells. Creating Standard Deviation Formulas in Excel The mainstay of modern portfolio theory , the standard deviation for a dataset can reveal important information regarding an investment's risk. The standard deviation is simply the measure of how far returns are from their statistical average; in other words, it allows investors to determine the above-average risk or volatility of an investment.
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